: You can find the full article via Taylor & Francis Online . Other Recommended Readings
If you are looking for an "interesting paper" on ( melaina cholē ), the following selection offers a fascinating deep dive into how this mythical substance shaped centuries of medicine, psychology, and philosophy.
: Galen’s Theory of Black Bile . This book/paper explores how the influential physician Galen had to "defend" the existence of black bile against rivals who (rightly) pointed out that it didn't seem to exist in healthy bodies like blood or phlegm do.
: Black Bile as the Cause of Human Accomplishments and Behaviors . This examines the Aristotelian "Problem XXX.1," which famously asked why all men who have excelled in philosophy, politics, poetry, and the arts appear to be "melancholic"—suggesting black bile was a prerequisite for greatness.
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