: Dealing with damaged packages, incorrect addresses, and sorting errors remains a constant challenge for the industry [25]. The Future of Courier Services
: Long hours and physically taxing work contribute to high levels of burnout and fatigue [1, 6, 9].
The digital transformation has introduced "crowdshipping" or platform-based courier work through apps like Uber Eats, DoorDash, and Deliveroo [5, 10]. This shift has sparked a significant debate regarding employment status:
: High-pressure delivery schedules can lead to traffic violations and increased injury rates [27].
: Critics argue that the self-employed model often leaves workers without traditional benefits or social protection [10, 30]. Challenges in the Field
Despite their importance, couriers face numerous occupational hurdles:
