: Authentic Pokémon cards have a distinct black film layer inside. While "ripping" is definitive, it's destructive; instead, look for a black line on the side of the card [24].
Forgeries in the collectors' market have existed for centuries, often exploiting a buyer's emotions [7, 5.3]. : Authentic Pokémon cards have a distinct black
: Look for skin that appears too smooth or wrinkly compared to the hair and eyes. Watch for shadows that don't follow natural lighting or glare on glasses that doesn't move correctly [22]. often exploiting a buyer's emotions [7
: Inspect for spelling errors, fuzzy logos, and poor-quality materials [12, 19]. Authentic luxury brands like Louis Vuitton or Coach have high-precision stitching and specific embossing on metallic buttons [17, 25, 30]. and poor-quality materials [12