Metabolism and energy transformation (photosynthesis and respiration). : Types of cell division (mitosis and meiosis). Asexual and sexual reproduction. Embryonic and post-embryonic development. Foundations of Genetics and Selection : Mendel’s laws of inheritance. Genotype and phenotype. Mutational and combinational variation. Evolutionary Theory : Evidence for evolution and Darwin's theory. Natural selection and adaptation. Speciation and the history of life on Earth. Ecology (Organisms and Environment) : Abiotic and biotic factors. Ecosystems, food chains, and the biosphere. Where to Access Solutions
: Discussion on the levels of organization of living matter and the methods used in biological research. The Cell as a Biological System : Chemical composition (inorganic and organic substances). Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Embryonic and post-embryonic development
Since this specific 2013 edition is designed to accompany the "Living Organism" textbook series, the content is organized into several key thematic blocks: Mutational and combinational variation
: Often provides scanned pages or typed solutions for older editions like the 2013 Mamontov workbook. and the biosphere.
: A popular resource for workbook (rabochaya tetrad) keys.
: Useful for cross-referencing answers for 9th-grade biology curricula.