An is a premeditated act committed to achieve a specific, tangible goal. The crime is viewed as a "tool" or an "instrument" to obtain something else—most commonly financial gain, social status, or the removal of an obstacle. Key Characteristics
Engaging in illegal trade strictly for profit. Instrumental criminal
Understanding these motivations helps law enforcement and psychologists develop different strategies for prevention and rehabilitation, as instrumental offenders may be more easily deterred by "increasing the cost" of the crime (e.g., better security or harsher penalties). An is a premeditated act committed to achieve
Committing murder for a fee rather than personal animosity. or jealousy (e.g.
The offender typically weighs the risks against the potential rewards.
The crime is the goal. It serves to vent frustration, rage, or jealousy (e.g., a bar fight).