France and Sweden emerged as dominant European powers, while the Holy Roman Empire was significantly weakened. đź’ˇ Core Vocabulary
Recognition that each state has exclusive authority over its territory.
States like France and England began prioritizing national security and territorial expansion over religious unity. ⚔️ The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) France and Sweden emerged as dominant European powers,
This was the defining conflict of the era, initially sparked by religious tensions in Bohemia but evolving into a continent-wide struggle for power.
The profession or skill of managing international relations through representatives. ⚔️ The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) This was
Section 14 of the 7th-grade History of Modern Times (typically based on the textbook by A.Y. Yudovskaya ) explores the complex web of European politics, focusing on the transition from medieval dynastic conflicts to state-centered diplomacy. 🌍 Key Political Landscape
The war devastated Central Europe, particularly Germany, through famine and disease. đź“ś The Peace of Westphalia (1648) Yudovskaya ) explores the complex web of European
This treaty fundamentally reshaped the world order by establishing several core principles: