Kratkoe Soderzhanie Vsekh Paragrafov Po Istorii 6 Klass Agibalova -

: Universities appeared in the 11th–12th centuries. Gothic cathedrals reached toward heaven. In the 14th century, the Renaissance began in Italy, focusing on humanism and classical art.

: Spain was reconquered from the Arabs. Germany remained fragmented into many small states. Culture and the Renaissance : Universities appeared in the 11th–12th centuries

: Cities grew near trade routes. Craftsmen formed guilds to control production. The struggle between towns and feudal lords led to urban independence. The Power of the Church & Crusades the Renaissance began in Italy

: The Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) broke out. Figures like Joan of Arc helped France unify. In England, the Magna Carta (1215) limited royal power. : Universities appeared in the 11th–12th centuries