8 класс - Всеобщая история (изд. ВЕНТАНА-ГРАФ)
This term refers to the diplomatic and military competition between European powers (Russia, Britain, France, and Austria) over the fate of the Ottoman territories. 8 класс - Всеобщая история (изд
: The empire struggled to compete with the industrializing West, leading to a heavy reliance on foreign loans. 2. The "Eastern Question" Key Vocabulary for This Section Sultan : The
Towards the end of the century, a group of young, Western-educated officers and intellectuals—the —emerged. They advocated for a constitutional monarchy and more radical modernization to prevent the total collapse of the state. Key Vocabulary for This Section Sultan : The supreme ruler of the Ottoman Empire. a group of young
Below is a structured summary of the key themes and events discussed in this section of the curriculum. Overview of Paragraph 26: The Decline of the Ottoman Empire
: The authority of the Sultans declined as local governors and military elites (such as the Janissaries) sought more independence.
: Sought access to the Mediterranean through the Black Sea straits (Bosphorus and Dardanelles).