The prevalence of stone walls resulted from a unique combination of natural and human processes:
European settlers deforested the land to create farmland. This exposed the soil to intense freeze-thaw cycles, which caused buried stones to "heave" to the surface, creating what farmers called a "second crop" of rocks. Stone Walls
Farmers stacked these endless stones, acting on a "waste-mapping" process, turning a hindrance into property markers, sheep barriers, and a way to utilize the excessive stone. The prevalence of stone walls resulted from a
Glaciers deposited uncrushed rock across the region, leaving behind a "glacial till" of stones, boulders, and gravel. acting on a "waste-mapping" process