The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650 May 2026

: European powers developed better gunpowder technology and oceanic trade routes.

(r. 1512–1520) shifted focus to the Islamic heartlands: Defeated the Safavids in Persia. The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650

: Positioned near the weakening Byzantine Empire. : European powers developed better gunpowder technology and

: Pushed to the gates of Vienna (1529) and took most of Hungary. The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650

used massive cannons to breach the "impregnable" walls of Constantinople. He renamed it Istanbul , turning it into a thriving cosmopolitan hub and ending the Byzantine Empire. Expansion East and South