These methods dominated twentieth-century language teaching and often focused on formal structures or habits. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching

Richards and Rodgers define three hierarchical levels of conceptualization for language instruction: Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching

: The specific classroom techniques , practices, and behaviors observed during instruction. 🏛️ Major Trends & Traditional Methods Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching

The landmark book by Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers provides a comprehensive framework for understanding how languages have been taught throughout history. It categorizes instructional strategies based on their theoretical foundations, instructional designs, and classroom procedures. 🏗️ The Theoretical Framework Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching

: The theory of the nature of language and language learning.

: The practical application of a theory, including syllabus models and roles for teachers and learners.